The Court of Accounts was set up by the Law of January 24, 1864, published in the Official Bulletin no. 18 of January 24, 1864, under the name of the "High Court of Accounts", for the whole Romania. In keeping with art. 15 of the law, the "Court is mandated to examine and rule on the accounts under the category of treasury revenues, county general cashier offices, autonomous administrations and indirect contributions administrations, as well as to discharge the companies managing expenses made by all accountants".

Art. 116 of the Constitution of 1866 (published in the Official Bulletin no. 142 of July 13, 1866) provides that "There is a sole Court of Accounts for the whole Romania", and art. 114 rules that "The final settlement of accounts is to be submitted to the Assembly within two years at most as of the conclusion of each exercise".

The same art. 116 of the Constitution of 1923 (published in the Official Bulletin no. 282 of March 29, 1923) provides that "the ex ante and the management control of all state revenue and expenditure shall be conducted by the Court of Accounts which submits, on a yearly basis, to the Assembly of the Deputies, the general report highlighting the management accounts of the previous budget, while identifying irregularities made by ministers in budget implementation".

In keeping with the Law of 1929, the "Court of Accounts is an independent institution, has the same rank and enjoys the same rights as the High Court of Cassation". By this new regulation, the Court of Accounts maintains both the control and the judicial competences.

The Court of Accounts was abolished by Decree no. 352 of December 1, 1948.

By Law no. 2 of March 28, 1973, published in the Official Bulletin no. 44 of March 30, 1973, the Superior Court for Financial Control was set up, operating near the State Council. The law was modified by Decrees no. 150 of June 19, 1974 and no. 36 of February 21, 1981. The Court was habilitated to conduct financial control and jurisdictional attributions. The law included a series of provisions specific to totalitarian states, such as "the Supreme Court for Financial Control overviews the observance of the party and state decisions in the financial domain and the defense of the socialist property".

This institution was abolished by Decree no. 94/1990.

Art. 139 of the Constitution of 1991, published in the Official Bulletin no. 233 of November 21, 1991, provided that the "Court of Accounts conducts the control of the establishment, management and use of state and public sector financial resources. Under the law, the Court also has jurisdictional powers".

Law no. 94/1992 on the organization and operation of the Court of Accounts (published in the Official Bulletin no. 224 of September 9, 1992), completed and modified by Law no. 99/199 on certain measures to bust economic reform and by Law no. 204/1999 on the modification and completion of Law 94/1992 rules, in full compliance with art. 139 of the Constitution: the "Court of Accounts is the supreme institution for financial control of the establishment, management and use of state and public sector financial resources. The Court of Accounts also has jurisdictional powers, as provided by law".

Law no. 94/1992 on the organization and operation of the Court of Accounts was re- issued in the Official Bulletin of Romania no. 116 of March 16, 2000.

Law no. 94/1992 was subsequently modified and completed by Law no. 77/2002, published in the Official Bulletin of Romania no. 104 of February 7, 2002 and by Law no. 217/2008, published in the Official Bulletin of Romania no. 724 of October 24, 2008.

Law no. 94/1992 was re-issued in the Official Bulletin of Romania no. 282 of April 29, 2009.